When searching for affordable housing, it’s important to understand the options available to you. Public housing and Section 8 are two common programs designed to help low-income individuals and families find a place to live, but they operate differently. This Rent. article breaks down the key differences between public housing and Section 8, so you can make the best decision for your needs.
What is Section 8?
Funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Section 8, or the Housing Choice Voucher Program, is an assistance program for very low-income families, the elderly, and the disabled so they can afford safe and sanitary low-income apartments. Through local public housing agencies (PHA), the program subsidizes rent through housing vouchers. These vouchers are paid directly to landlords, with tenants responsible for paying the difference between the full rent and the voucher amount.
The PHA decides how much assistance you can receive with Section 8, based on guidelines from HUD. Usually, this amount is either the payment standard or the total rent, minus 30% of your family’s adjusted monthly income.
If you’re chosen to participate in the program and wish to move, you may do so as long as you notify the PHA of your moving plans and the new housing meets the PHA requirements.
What is public housing?
Public housing has a variety of housing options, including single-family homes and low-income apartments. They’re managed by housing authorities (HA) for affordable rents to eligible low-income families, the elderly, and those with disabilities. HUD provides federal aid to these housing authorities, allowing them to keep rent affordable.
Rent in public housing, known as the Total Tenant Payment (TTP), is based on your income. Typically, it’s 30% of your monthly adjusted income, with a minimum rent set by the housing authority, usually between $25 and $50. There are also some deductions available for dependents, elderly family members, or those with disabilities.
Public housing vs. Section 8
The primary difference between Section 8 and public housing is who owns and manages the properties. While HUD oversees both programs, Section 8 housing is privately owned, and landlords agree to participate in the program by accepting vouchers. Public housing, on the other hand, consists of properties owned and operated by the government.
Not all private rental properties will qualify as Section 8 housing. Properties must meet the program’s standards for safety and affordability, and landlords must agree to follow the rules of the Housing Choice Voucher Program, including adhering to the lease terms and the PHA contract.
How do you qualify for Section 8 housing?
There are several requirements you must meet to receive a housing voucher. These include:
- Your total annual gross income cannot exceed 50 percent of the median income for the county or metropolitan area where the property is
- Meet HUD’s definition of family and size
- Must be a U.S. citizen or a member of specified categories of non-citizens who have eligible immigration status
- Provide financial and personal information, including income and assets and your social security number
- Pass the PHA screening process
It’s important to note that if you’re eligible, you may not receive assistance right away. It’s possible that HUD will place you on a waiting list until assistance is available.
To apply for Section 8, you must contact the local PHA or HUD office.
How do you qualify for public housing?
There are three key factors you must meet to qualify for public housing. These are:
- Annual gross income meets HUD’s income limits
- Qualify as a family, as elderly or as a person with a disability
- You’re a U.S. citizen or have eligible immigration status
You may also be required to provide personal references as part of your application. Income limits and rent amounts vary by location and family size. If you qualify, you may need to pay a security deposit, follow lease terms, and maintain the property. If your income or family size changes, you must notify the housing authority.
To apply for public housing, you must contact your local HA or HUD field office.
What type of housing assistance do you need?
For low-income and very low-income families, assistance is available to help you find an affordable place to live. Section 8 provides vouchers to help pay rent with a private landlord, while public housing offers affordable apartments managed by the government. Both options can help you find a place to live, so it’s important to explore which program works best for your situation.
